But in spite of the obvious advantages gained, and bearing in mind that tanzania is an independent. The relevance of the language policy for instruction and. Education and training policy tanzania online gateway. Classroom practices, text books, assessments, as well as the school environment make learning english in africa an uphill task. From access to quality secondary education in tanzania. Perhaps because the concept of a national language has never been clearly defined within the tanzanian context, there is some misunderstanding in the minds of many tanzanian citizens as to the factual linguistic situation in their country. When complete, the package will consist of the language policy statement, the implementation plan, the envisaged sa. Oecd 20, overview of progress and policy challenges in tanzania. A case of uganda mwenda mukuthuria egerton university, kenya abstract kiswahili is an indigenous african language whose origin is the coast of kenya.
English is widely spoken, and other languages spoken in the country are the native tongues of various ethnic groups. Current and future challenges and opportunities in tanzania. Roadmap for tanzanias urban development policy new climate. The main feature of tanzania s education system is the bilingual policy, which requires children to learn both kiswahili and english. This document was entitled sera ya utamaduni cultural policy. Policies in united republic of tanzania global database.
There are many languages spoken in the country, but no one language is spoken natively by a majority or a large plurality of the population. New tanzanian media policy 2001 comments on the draft. Tanzania is an east african country and swahili is the nations official language. A human rightsbased approach to education for all a human rightsbased approach to education for all the goal of a human rightsbased approach to education is to assure every child a quality education that respects and promotes her or his right to dignity and optimum development. Kiswahili has been the foundation through which tanzania has built its sense of national cohesion tanzania dumps english as its official language in schools, opts for kiswahili quartz skip to. Kiswahili and its expanding roles of development in east. Tanzania sustainable development the united nations. Tanzania, united rep of national progress report on the implementation of the hyogo framework for action 202015. The purpose of this research is to identify the relationship between tanzania s language policy and the effects on students in secondary school. Language policy in tanzania language policy had been thoroughly justified, and no one with any intimate knowledge of the tanzanian scene will have any doubt at all about this. In terms of social policies, there is a general lack of improvement.
Education and training policy part 1 click here foreword preamble part 2 click here aims and objective of education and training system and structure of education and training access and equity in education and training part 3 click here management and administration of education and training. To guide tanzania in the utilization of icts, the government has been setting policy frameworks. It is generally understood that swahili is the official national language of the republic of tanzania. Over the last decade, there has been a change in the focus of development policy away from mere quantitative changes in the rate of output. It also presents the research findings on the extent to which the language policy has passed a. The official language in education policy that is currently being followed in tanzania is the one laid down in the education and training policy which, inter alia, states. This paper is a policy analysis courselinked capstone focused on controversial language policies in tanzania. Overview of progress and policy challenges in tanzania. The bantu, swahili language and english, the latter of which was inherited from colonial rule see tanganyika territory, are widely spoken as lingua francas. The united republic of tanzania ministry of education and vocational training education sector development programme. Introduction since 2002, tanzania has seen an ambitious set of policy reforms in primary and more recently in secondary education.
In case of any short comings in the implementation of the policy statements, the ministry will be ready to accommodate new ideas for its rectification. Language policy for education and development in tanzania. In africa, tanzania is the second country after mauritius to have a policy on ageing. The country lacks a clear dominant ethnic majority. The changes taking place in tanzania, in terms of policies and structures, need to be supported by an effective technical education and training policy and a system which can adequately address itself to the demand of the various sectors of the economy. The aim of this policy is to clarify the position of the tanzanian government when it comes to the place of the different languages of tanzania in the formal education system. Overview of progress and policy challenges in tanzania please cite this chapter as. Tanzanias language policy according to grimes, there are about 112 native languages in tanzania, and the number of speakers for each ranges from a few thousand to millions. These factors call for a comprehensive policy, which will not only solve the immediate problems of ngos, but assist in the promotion and development of the ngos in tanzania. Languageineducation policy development in tanzania. These ethnic groups are primarily of bantu origin, with small niloticspeaking, indigenous, and nonafrican minorities. Macroeconomic policy division, the regional integration and trade division and the social development and policy division.
Languagein education policy development in tanzania. Tanzania overview of progress and policy challenges in. Culture in tanzania issued another policy document also dealing with the language of instruction. Financial sector vulnerabilities could jeopardize macro. The scope or provisions of the policy are as follows. I begin with an overview of language policy from colonization to the present, mapping out the relative positions of english and swahili in education over the years. However, this policy reiterates and retains all the fundamental principals of ngos, that, is they are form, run developed or terminated only through free and. View tanzanian foreign policy research papers on academia. Early childhood developmentbasic concepts 1 learning objectives by the end of this session, participants will be able to.
English is essential, as it is the language which links tanzania and the rest of the world through technology, commerce and also administration. This paper examines language policy in tanzanian schools and its effect on education, equality and economic development. Sometimes the meaning of linguistic landscape is extended to include a description of the history of languages or different degrees in the knowledge of languages. This chapter examines education language policy debates in three east african countries. Arabic is widely spoken in zanzibar and parts of the capital city dar es salaam and there are many local languages or tribal languages still spoken throughout tanzania. Pdf language policies and practices in tanzania and.
Sectoral policy objectives in national environmental policy, 1997. In tanzania, kiswahili is seen as the national language. The government of the united republic of tanzania recognizes that effective use of information and knowledge is a critical factor for rapid socioeconomic growth, in its aspiration to become a middleincome country by 2025. It implies the use in speech or writing of more than one language and thus of multilingualism.
Tanzania mainland, setting out a number of concerns. Tanzania dumps english as its official language in schools. Tanzania food, drugs and cosmetics control promotion regulations 2010, guidelines for use of nutrition and health claims cacgl 231997 2010 the tanzanian food, drugs and cosmetics iodated salt regulations, 2010. This implementation plan is part of the national language policy framework nlpf that gives effect to the provisions on language as set out in section 6 of the constitution, 1996 act no. Bti 2016 tanzania country report transformation index bti. The elimination of corruption and bureaucratic barriers remain major policy challenges. The amendments act states that mines resident officers will be stationed at every mining site, and will be responsible for daytoday monitoring and reporting. Language policies and practices in tanzania and south. In april 2000, we published media law and practice in southern africa. Acknowledgements this guide is a culmination of more than a decade providing training and mentoring support and discussing policy briefs. These countries have a similar history given that they are neighbors and were colonized by the same colonial powerthe british, although the germans colonized tanzania for a short time. In february 2015, the government of tanzania launched a new education and training policy.
The politics of tanzania takes place in a framework of a unitary presidential democratic republic, whereby the president of tanzania is both head of state and head of government, and of a multiparty system. There are more than 100 distinct ethnic groups and tribes in tanzania, not including ethnic groups that reside in tanzania as refugees from conflicts in nearby countries. Kiswahili and its expanding roles of development in east african cooperation. The current release of the tanzania human development report thdr 2014 is the. Describe the meaning and benefits of early childhood development. Research on national communication policy in africa and tanzania the challenge of communication policy in africa is to liberate its media institutions from a tendency toward centralized, statist, elite control inherited from the colonial past and at the same give the stimulus of freedom to entrepreneurs, movements of the civil society and religious.
The arguments of those who favour the use of english as the medium of instruction are analysed within the framework of the prevailing sociolinguistic environment, and counter. National sectoral policies, plans and programmes of tanzania. On the tanzania mainland, no current legislative changes are proposed. After this background, language policy in the tanzanian educational system is looked at in some detail. The lead authors of the united republic of tanzania country profile were timothy wilson and farzana sharmin, both of the subregional office for eastern africa. It was made the official language upon independence. The new policy extends the threshold of basic education which has been compulsory and fee free since 2001 when the primary education development program pedp was introduced to include secondary education. This study discusses the relevance of the language policy currently in use for instruction and assessment of ordinary secondary education in tanzania. Language policy in most cases is guided by political expediency rather than the interest of the learners. Policy makers hardly think of learners when formulating neither language policies nor do curriculum developers.
Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. While the language policies of tanzania are described as confusing, contradictory, and ambiguous, the language policies of south africa seem clearer and more progressive. The medium of instruction in preprimary schools shall be kiswahili, and english shall be a compulsory subject p. The failure of language policy in tanzanian schools. The existence of a national policy on ageing is a new phenomenon to many countries tanzania being one of them. An essential guide to writing policy briefs 3 this guide is dedicated to the memory of icpas training associate and renowned liberian civil society activist, g.
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